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文章目录
前言
OkHttp 是一个由 Square 开发的高效、现代的 HTTP 客户端库，用于 Android 和 Java 应用程序。它支持 HTTP/2 和 SPDY 等现代网络协议，并提供了多种功能和优化，使其成为处理网络请求的流行选择。这次项目中我将会使用OkHttp来发送网络请求
一、OkHttp是什么？
OkHttp 是一个由 Square 开发的高效、现代的 HTTP 客户端库，用于 Android 和 Java 应用程序。
二、使用步骤
1.OkHttp请求代码
package com.easybbs.utils;
import com.easybbs.entity.enums.ResponseCodeEnum;
import com.easybbs.exception.BusinessException;
import okhttp3.*;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class OKHttpUtils {
/**
* 请求超时时间5秒
*/
private static final int TIME_OUT_SECONDS = 5;
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OKHttpUtils.class);
private static OkHttpClient.Builder getClientBuilder() {
OkHttpClient.Builder clientBuilder = new OkHttpClient.Builder().followRedirects(false).addInterceptor(new RedirectInterceptor()).retryOnConnectionFailure(false);
clientBuilder.connectTimeout(TIME_OUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS).readTimeout(TIME_OUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
clientBuilder.sslSocketFactory(createSSLSocketFactory()).hostnameVerifier((hostname, session) -> true);
return clientBuilder;
}
private static Request.Builder getRequestBuilder(Map<String, String> header) {
Request.Builder requestBuilder = new Request.Builder();
if (null != header) {
for (Map.Entry<String, String> map : header.entrySet()) {
String key = map.getKey();
String value;
if (map.getValue() == null) {
value = "";
} else {
value = map.getValue();
}
requestBuilder.addHeader(key, value);
}
}
return requestBuilder;
}
private static FormBody.Builder getBuilder(Map<String, String> params) {
FormBody.Builder builder = new FormBody.Builder();
if (params == null) {
return builder;
}
for (Map.Entry<String, String> map : params.entrySet()) {
String key = map.getKey();
String value;
if (map.getValue() == null) {
value = "";
} else {
value = map.getValue();
}
builder.add(key, value);
}
return builder;
}
public static String getRequest(String url) throws BusinessException {
ResponseBody responseBody = null;
try {
OkHttpClient.Builder clientBuilder = getClientBuilder();
Request.Builder requestBuilder = getRequestBuilder(null);
OkHttpClient client = clientBuilder.build();
Request request = requestBuilder.url(url).build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
responseBody = response.body();
return responseBody.string();
} catch (SocketTimeoutException | ConnectException e) {
logger.error("OKhttp POST 请求超时,url:{}", url, e);
throw new BusinessException(ResponseCodeEnum.CODE_900);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("OKhttp GET 请求异常", e);
return null;
} finally {
if (responseBody != null) {
responseBody.close();
}
}
}
public static String postRequest(String url, Map<String, String> header, Map<String, String> params) throws BusinessException {
ResponseBody responseBody = null;
try {
OkHttpClient.Builder clientBuilder = getClientBuilder();
Request.Builder requestBuilder = getRequestBuilder(header);
FormBody.Builder builder = getBuilder(params);
OkHttpClient client = clientBuilder.build();
RequestBody requestBody = builder.build();
Request request = requestBuilder.url(url).post(requestBody).build();
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
responseBody = response.body();
String responseStr = responseBody.string();
return responseStr;
} catch (SocketTimeoutException | ConnectException e) {
logger.error("OKhttp POST 请求超时,url:{}", url, e);
throw new BusinessException(ResponseCodeEnum.CODE_900);
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("OKhttp POST 请求异常,url:{}", url, e);
return null;
} finally {
if (responseBody != null) {
responseBody.close();
}
}
}
private static SSLSocketFactory createSSLSocketFactory() {
SSLSocketFactory ssfFactory = null;
try {
SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("TLSv1.2");
sc.init(null, new TrustManager[]{new TrustAllCerts()}, new SecureRandom());
ssfFactory = sc.getSocketFactory();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ssfFactory;
}
}
class TrustAllCerts implements X509TrustManager {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) {
}
@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) {
}
@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return new X509Certificate[0];
}
}
class RedirectInterceptor implements Interceptor {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RedirectInterceptor.class);
@Override
public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
Request request = chain.request();
Response response = chain.proceed(request);
int code = response.code();
if (code == 307 || code == 301 || code == 302) {
//获取重定向的地址
String location = response.headers().get("Location");
logger.info("重定向地址,location:{}", location);
//重新构建请求
Request newRequest = request.newBuilder().url(location).build();
response = chain.proceed(newRequest);
}
return response;
}
}2.获取Ip地址
代码如下（示例）：这个代码只能获取到省份地址，具体信息请看下面的详细访问
public String getIpAddress(String ip){
try {
String url = "http://whois.pconline.com.cn/ipJson.jsp?json=true&ip=" + ip;
String responseJson = OKHttpUtils.getRequest(url);
if(null == responseJson){
return Constants.NO_ADDRESS;
}
Map<String,String> addressInfo = JsonUtils.convertJson2Obj(responseJson,Map.class);
return addressInfo.get("pro");
}catch (Exception e){
logger.error("获取ip地址失败",e);
}
return Constants.NO_ADDRESS;
}3.Controller层获取Ip地址
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(HttpServletRequest request){
String ip = getIpAddr(request)
return getIpAddress(ip);
}
/**
* 获取客户端IP地址
* 由于客户端的IP地址可能通过多个代理层转发，因此需要检查多个HTTP头字段以获取真实IP。
* 此方法首先检查“x-forwarded-for”头，这是最常用的代理头，然后尝试其他不那么常见的头字段。
* 如果所有尝试都失败，则回退到使用请求的远程地址。
*
* @param request HttpServletRequest对象，用于获取客户端IP地址。
* @return 客户端的IP地址字符串。如果无法确定客户端IP，则返回请求的远程地址。
*/
protected String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
// 尝试获取“x-forwarded-for”头，这是最常用的代理头字段。
String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
// 检查“x-forwarded-for”头是否有效，并提取第一个IP地址。
if (ip != null && ip.length() != 0 && !"unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
// 多次反向代理后会有多个ip值，第一个ip才是真实ip
if (ip.indexOf(",") != -1) {
ip = ip.split(",")[0];
}
}
// 如果“x-forwarded-for”头无效，尝试其他不那么常见的代理头字段。
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("X-Real-IP");
}
// 如果所有代理头字段都无效，回退到使用请求的远程地址作为客户端IP。
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
}
// 返回获取到的IP地址，无论它是通过代理头还是直接从请求中获取。
return ip;
}
获取信息如上，可以自行获取其他信息
总结
本次项目总结如何获取Ip地址
